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Acid - Any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7.
Acid protease - This type of protease is simply a variety of the same enzyme that has a high resistance to acid. Because the stomach can sometimes get very acidic, adding acid protease to our blend helps to break down protein effectively even at low pH (high acid levels).
Agglomerization - The process by which particles are bound together into other size aggregates. This is a wet process utilizing Glatt machinery, and resulting in tablets of desired size and flowability.
Alkali - A soluble salt obtained from the ashes of plants and consisting largely of potassium or sodium carbonate.
Alkaline - Basic; having a pH of more than 7.
Amino Acid - Any of a class of molecules that are combined to form proteins.
Amylase - An enzyme that helps the body break down specific parts of starchy carbohydrates from vegetables, like potatoes and grains.
Amyloglucosidase - A type of amylase enzyme that also has a specific function in helping to break down starches. The combination of these two types of amylase helps to complete digestion of starches.
Bacteria - Single-celled microorganisms which can exist either as independent (free-living) organisms or as parasites (dependent upon another organism for survival). The singular is "bacterium".
Beta-fructofuranosidase - A type of enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Biochemical - Characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms.
Bromelain - A type of protease enzyme, obtained especially from the pineapple, that breaks down proteins to form peptides and amino acids.
Burn - The painful feeling brought on by the build-up of lactic acid and other muscle metabolites during workout sessions.
Cap - The front, middle and rear components of the shoulder’s deltoid muscles, divided up for training purposes.
Carbohydrate - A broad category of sugars and starches that the body eventually converts to glucose, the body's primary source of energy. There are two classes of carbohydrates—simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are the sugars, which include glucose and fructose from fruits and vegetables, sucrose from beet or cane sugar and lactose from milk. Simple carbohydrates are absorbed by the body very quickly. Complex carbohydrates include starches and fiber and are most commonly found in whole grains and legumes. Complex carbohydrates, which are generally large chains of glucose molecules, take longer to digest and provide more nutrients than simple carbohydrates.
Cellulase - A type of enzyme that breaks down cellulose.
Cellulose - A polysaccharide carbohydrate composed of linked glucose units in an indigestible form. It is the main constituent of plant cell walls.
Cheat - The process of using your body’s momentum to stop a weight from moving after you would have been unable to keep the correct form.
Chromatography - A method for identifying substances and testing the purity of their compounds. Components of a substance separate and the rate at which they adsorb and dissolve is measured. Substance-specific chromatography methods include Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Three-Dimensional HPLC.
Cycle - 1. A specific amount of time set aside to train, whether for increasing muscle mass, getting leaner, etc. 2. Also known as one or more bodybuilding performance aids/substances taken over a set period of time.
Definition - Also known as ripped or shredded, this is the attainment of extremely low body fat along with greater muscle separation.
Dialing it in - The training and dieting process that prepares a bodybuilder for a contest or photo shoot. Other terms to describe this desired end result are: on time, on the money, peak.
Digestive system - The organs that take in food and turn it into products that the body can use to stay healthy. Waste products the body cannot use, leave the body through bowel movements. The digestive system includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines, and rectum.
Dumbbell - Up to 14 inches long, this training weight consists of a firm handle with two equal circular weights on each side.
Emulsion - The fine dispersion of one liquid in another.
Enzyme - An enzyme is a protein which catalyzes a specific reaction necessary for the maintenance of life.
Fat - Numerous compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are glycerides of fatty acids. Fats are the chief constituents of plant and animal fat, a major class of energy-rich food, and are soluble in organic solvents but not in water.
Fermentation - An enzymatically controlled anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound (as a carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and alcohol to an organic acid).
Fiber - The parts of fruits and vegetables that cannot be digested. Also called bulk or roughage.
Flat - The undesired look of a muscle or physique which is usually brought on by a lack of nutrients and/or water coupled with either excessive or insufficient training.
Flush - Through the performance of high reps, this is the process of increasing the amount of blood flowing to a particular muscle.
Forced rep - When a spotter/training partner assists in the completion of a repetition.
Freak - Complimentary bodybuilding term describing anyone having gargantuan muscle mass and extremely defined, unrecognizable body parts.
Full - The appearance of muscle mass pushing against skin. The desired bodybuilding look is to not only be full, but defined.
Fungi - Eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have nuclei) which are incapable of making their own food by photosynthesis and survive by breaking down chemical compounds made by plants and bacteria to waste products, just like we do.
Gastrointestinal - Of, relating to, affecting, or including both stomach and intestine.
Glucose - A common sugar, one of many with the chemical formula C6O6H12. Glucose is the fundamental building block of many biopolymers, including starch and cellulose, and is the starting material for the serious biochemical reactions used to obtain energy in most "higher" organisms.
Granulation - The process by which a non-compressible nutritional powder is converted to a compressible granule. Dry granulation results in a compaction-densification excellent for capsules and tablets.
Guns - Term for biceps/triceps also known as pipes, pythons.
Hemicellulase - A type of enzyme that is a teammate of cellulase. Cellulase can only break down certain parts of cellulose; hemicellulase finishes the job and completes the breakdown of cellulose for total digestion.
Immune System - The complex group of cells and organs that defends the body against infection and disease.
Insoluble - Not dissolvable. With respect to bioavailability, certain substances form insoluble complexes that cannot be dissolved in digestive secretions, and therefore cannot be absorbed by the digestive tract.
Insulin - A peptide hormone secreted by the b-cells of the pancreas; required for normal glucose metabolism.
Isoleucine - One of the 20 most common natural amino acids and coded for DNA. Its chemical composition is identical to that of leucine, but the arrangement of its atoms is slightly different resulting in different properties. It is also an essential amino acid.
Juice - Term for anabolic steroids also known as gear, roids, sauce.
Kinase - A type of enzyme that transfers a phosphate group onto another molecule.
Lactase - A type of enzyme that breaks down lactose, the predominant sugar in milk.
Lactose - A disaccharide sugar that is present in milk and yields glucose and galactose upon hydrolysis and yields especially lactic acid upon fermentation.
Legumes - Members of the large family of plants known as leguminosae. In this context the term refers to the fruits or seeds of leguminous plants (e.g., peas and beans) that are used for food.
Leucine - An essential amino acid obtained by the hydrolysis of protein by pancreatic enzymes during digestion and necessary for optimal growth in infants and children and for the maintenance of nitrogen balance in adults.
Lipase - A type of enzyme that breaks down lipids or fats.
Lipids - Different types of fat molecules. For example, phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides.
Metabolism - The universe of chemical changes occurring in a tissue; this consists of catabolic changes in which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
Negative - The act of lowering a weight, slowly and carefully, against the force of gravity.
Nutrients - Substances that an organism must obtain from its surroundings for growth and the sustainment of life.
Oligosaccharide - A chain of sugars attached through O- or N-linked chemical bonds. Oligosacchariades are often attached to cell surface proteins or lipids. Specific oligosaccharide structures can vary between cells, and may be a marker for tumor cells.
Pancreatin - A substance containing enzymes, principally amylase, lipase, and protease, obtained from the pancreas.
Papain - A protease in the juice of unripe papaya that is sometimes used as a tenderizer for meat and in medicine.
Pectinase - A group of enzymes that breaks down pectin, a hard-to-digest carbohydrate in most fruits and vegetables.
pH - A value used to express acidity and alkalinity.
Plate - The 45-pound weighted disk placed in each end of an Olympic barbell; lighter weight are referred to as ‘spare change,’ such as: quarters (25s), dimes (10s), and nickels (5s).
Protease - A type of enzyme that breaks down protein into small peptides and amino acids.
Protein - A large, complex molecule composed of amino acids. Proteins are essential to the structure, function, and regulation of the body. Examples are muscle, peptide hormones, enzymes and antibodies.
Pumped - The sensation of exhilaration produced by the metabolic processes of intense exercise (ie. Blood vessels dilate and muscles become engorged.
Pyramiding - Training method in which a bodybuilder successively decreases the number of repetitions in an exercise, while increasing the weight.
Quality Assurance - The procedures established to ensure that a product is manufactured, or a clinical trial is performed, in compliance with the appropriate standards and regulatory requirements, and that the process or results are properly documented.
Quinolone - An antibiotic class that targets the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase in order to inhibit the coiling of bacterial DNA, thus interfering with bacterial replication.
Rep - Abbreviation of repetition; one completed and prescribed motion of the weight.
Ribozyme - A molecule of RNA with enzyme-like properties. Ribozymes were probably the precursors to protein enzymes during the development of life on earth.
Ripped - Also known as definition or shredded, this is the attainment of extremely low body fat along with greater muscle separation.
Shredded - Also known as definition or ripped, this is the attainment of extremely low body fat along with greater muscle separation.
Six-pack - A well-developed rectus abdominus muscle in which the individual muscle sections are clearly demarcated.
Skull-crusher - Repetition in which a barbell in full extension over the head is lowered to the forehead, and then back up.
Spot - To stand nearby and watch over or assist during weightlifting; to safeguard against injury.
Stack - A compilation of performance-enhancing or nutritional supplements, taken together to maximize their effectiveness.
Starch - Starch is the main source of food energy for most of the world's human population. It can be considered to be a polymer of glucose, like cellulose, although the linkages in starch are different to those in cellulose.
Superset - Two sets of exercises, performed in rotation and without stopping; more specifically, the two exercises may involve opposing muscle groups (such as the biceps and triceps).
Supplement - A nutrient or phytochemical supplied in addition to that which is obtained in the diet.
Suspensions - Particles of desired raw source or components of source are suspended in a medium (often liquid).
Thrash - To exercise a muscle beyond its normal limits through an extreme workout.
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Valine - An essential amino acid that is consistent of proteins, especially fibrous proteins.
Wheels - Refers to the legs and muscles of the legs (quads, hamstrings, calves).
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